fix(harness): make concurrent recipe runs safe (per-recipe flock + active-run registry)

capacity=2 went live with three stale capacity=1-era assumptions that corrupted
concurrent runs (immich 229/230 '/pg_backup.sh: No such file'):

- ~/.abra/recipes/<recipe> is ONE shared working tree that fetch_recipe rm-rf's/
  reclones and the upgrade tier git-checkouts mid-run. Same-recipe runs now
  serialise on an exclusive flock (/run/lock/cc-ci-recipe-<recipe>.lock), taken
  in main() BEFORE fetch_recipe and held for the whole run; the kernel releases
  it on any process death, so there is no stale-lock failure mode. Different
  recipes still run in parallel.

- CCCI_JANITOR_MAX_AGE=0 made a starting build reap ANY in-flight run app. Every
  run now registers its app domain + pid in /run/cc-ci-active/<domain> before
  app creation; the janitor checks the owner: alive (pid is a live run_recipe_ci
  process) -> never reaped; dead -> reaped immediately; unknown (pre-registry or
  post-reboot) -> age fallback (default 2h). The MAX_AGE=0 env override is gone
  from .drone.yml.

- .drone.yml: concurrency.limit 1 -> 2 to match DRONE_RUNNER_CAPACITY=2; the
  'safe because capacity=1' comments now describe the flock+registry model.

lint: PASS, unit tests: 138 passed.

.drone.yml

@@ -35,10 +35,12 @@ steps:
 # the comment-bridge). Deploys the recipe at the PR head, runs install/upgrade/backup + any
 # recipe-local tests via the shared harness, then guarantees teardown (plan §4.2/§4.3).
 #
-# Resource safety (plan §4.2/§4.3): MAX_TESTS=DRONE_RUNNER_CAPACITY=1 (nix/modules/drone-runner.nix) is
+# Resource safety (plan §4.2/§4.3): DRONE_RUNNER_CAPACITY=2 (nix/modules/drone-runner.nix) +
-# the primary concurrency cap; concurrency.limit below is a redundant belt. CCCI_JANITOR_MAX_AGE=0
+# concurrency.limit=2 below allow two recipe runs in parallel. Concurrent-run safety is enforced by
-# makes the run-start janitor reap ANY orphaned run app before deploying — safe because capacity=1
+# the harness, not by serialisation: same-recipe runs serialise on a per-recipe flock
-# means no concurrent run exists (a SIGKILL'd/timed-out build leaves an orphan with no teardown).
+# (lifecycle.acquire_recipe_lock — the shared ~/.abra/recipes/<recipe> checkout is the conflict),
+# and every run registers its app domain + pid in /run/cc-ci-active so the run-start janitor only
+# reaps orphans whose owning run is DEAD (alive → never touched; unknown → age fallback, default 2h).
 kind: pipeline
 type: exec
 name: recipe-ci
@@ -52,16 +54,16 @@ trigger:
     - custom
 
 concurrency:
-  limit: 1
+  limit: 2
 
 steps:
   - name: ci
     environment:
       STAGES: install,upgrade,backup,restore,custom
-      CCCI_JANITOR_MAX_AGE: "0"
       # The exec runner points HOME at a per-build workspace; force it to /root so abra finds its
-      # server config + recipes under /root/.abra (as the manual M4/M5 runs did). Safe: capacity=1
+      # server config + recipes under /root/.abra (as the manual M4/M5 runs did). Safe with
-      # means no concurrent build shares /root/.abra.
+      # capacity=2: app names are unique per (recipe,pr,ref) and same-recipe runs serialise on the
+      # per-recipe flock, so concurrent builds never touch the same recipe checkout or app.
       HOME: /root
     commands:
       # RECIPE/REF/PR/SRC (+ CCCI_QUICK for `!testme --quick`) are injected as env vars from the

runner/harness/lifecycle.py

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 import contextlib
 import datetime
+import fcntl
 import json
 import os
 import re
@@ -29,6 +30,73 @@ class TeardownError(RuntimeError):
     pass
 
 
+# --- Concurrent-run safety (capacity=2) -------------------------------------------------------
+# Two cooperating mechanisms, both process-lifetime-scoped so SIGKILL can't leak a stale lock:
+#  1. Per-recipe flock: ~/.abra/recipes/<recipe> is ONE shared working tree that fetch_recipe
+#     rm-rf's/reclones and the upgrade tier git-checkouts mid-run. Concurrent runs of the SAME
+#     recipe would corrupt each other's deploy tree (observed: immich builds 229/230 deployed a
+#     tree missing its config), so they serialise on an exclusive flock; different recipes run in
+#     parallel. The kernel drops a flock when the holder dies, however it dies.
+#  2. Active-run registry: each run registers its app domain + pid before creating the app, so the
+#     janitor can tell a live concurrent run from a crashed run's orphan (see janitor()).
+RECIPE_LOCK_DIR = "/run/lock"
+ACTIVE_RUN_DIR = "/run/cc-ci-active"
+
+
+def acquire_recipe_lock(recipe: str):
+    """Take the per-recipe exclusive lock; blocks (with a log line) if another run of the same
+    recipe is in flight. Returns the open lock file — the CALLER must keep a reference for the
+    whole run; the lock is released only when the process exits and the fd closes."""
+    path = os.path.join(RECIPE_LOCK_DIR, f"cc-ci-recipe-{recipe}.lock")
+    f = open(path, "w")  # noqa: SIM115 — deliberately held for the lifetime of the run
+    try:
+        fcntl.flock(f, fcntl.LOCK_EX | fcntl.LOCK_NB)
+    except BlockingIOError:
+        print(
+            f"== recipe lock: another {recipe} run is in flight — waiting for {path} "
+            "(shared ~/.abra/recipes checkout) ==",
+            flush=True,
+        )
+        fcntl.flock(f, fcntl.LOCK_EX)
+        print(f"== recipe lock: acquired {path} ==", flush=True)
+    return f
+
+
+def _registry_path(domain: str) -> str:
+    return os.path.join(ACTIVE_RUN_DIR, domain)
+
+
+def register_run_app(domain: str) -> None:
+    """Record this process as the live owner of a run app (called BEFORE the app is created, so a
+    concurrent run's janitor can never observe the app without its registration)."""
+    with contextlib.suppress(OSError):
+        os.makedirs(ACTIVE_RUN_DIR, exist_ok=True)
+        with open(_registry_path(domain), "w") as f:
+            f.write(str(os.getpid()))
+
+
+def unregister_run_app(domain: str) -> None:
+    with contextlib.suppress(OSError):
+        os.remove(_registry_path(domain))
+
+
+def _run_owner_state(domain: str) -> str:
+    """'alive' if the registered owner is a live run_recipe_ci process, 'dead' if registered but
+    gone (definite orphan), 'unknown' if never registered (pre-registry code or post-reboot)."""
+    try:
+        with open(_registry_path(domain)) as f:
+            pid = int(f.read().strip())
+    except (OSError, ValueError):
+        return "unknown"
+    try:
+        with open(f"/proc/{pid}/cmdline", "rb") as f:
+            cmdline = f.read().decode(errors="replace").replace("\0", " ")
+    except OSError:
+        return "dead"
+    # Guard against pid reuse: the owner must still look like a harness run.
+    return "alive" if "run_recipe_ci" in cmdline else "dead"
+
+
 def _docker_names(kind: str, stack: str) -> list[str]:
     """docker <kind> ls names filtered to a stack (kind: service|volume|secret)."""
     proc = subprocess.run(
@@ -161,7 +229,8 @@ def prepull_images(recipe: str, domain: str) -> None:
     # --env-file supplies $VERSION-style interpolation so pinned tags resolve correctly.
     cf = subprocess.run(
         ["bash", "-c", f'set -a; . "{env_path}"; printf "%s" "${{COMPOSE_FILE:-compose.yml}}"'],
-        capture_output=True, text=True,
+        capture_output=True,
+        text=True,
     ).stdout.strip()
     files = [f for f in cf.split(":") if f] or ["compose.yml"]
     args = ["docker", "compose", "--env-file", env_path]
@@ -209,6 +278,9 @@ def deploy_app(
     past the 900s default. abra's INTERNAL TIMEOUT (recipe's TIMEOUT env, default 300s) is set via
     EXTRA_ENV; this is the Python subprocess wrapper's timeout so abra doesn't get SIGKILLed mid-deploy."""
     _record_deploy()
+    # Register BEFORE the app exists: a concurrent run's janitor must never see this app without
+    # its live-owner registration (it would reap an in-flight deploy).
+    register_run_app(domain)
     abra.app_config_remove(domain)  # clear any stale .env from a prior crashed run
     abra.app_new(recipe, domain, version=version, secrets=secrets)
     # A pinned version must actually deploy that version: check the recipe out to the tag so the
@@ -415,7 +487,9 @@ def recipe_checkout_ref(recipe: str, ref: str) -> None:
     abra.recipe_checkout(recipe, ref)
 
 
-def chaos_redeploy(domain: str, deploy_timeout: int = 900, no_converge_checks: bool = False) -> None:
+def chaos_redeploy(
+    domain: str, deploy_timeout: int = 900, no_converge_checks: bool = False
+) -> None:
     """In-place `abra app deploy --chaos`: redeploy the running app at the CURRENT recipe checkout
     (HC1: the PR-head code under test). This is the upgrade op, not a fresh install — it does NOT go
     through deploy_app, so the deploy-count guard (DG4.1) is not incremented.
@@ -603,13 +677,19 @@ def teardown_app(domain: str, verify: bool = True) -> None:
         residual = _residual(domain)
         if any(residual.values()):
             raise TeardownError(f"teardown left residual for {domain}: {residual}")
+    # The app is gone — drop its active-run registration (janitor() also clears it when reaping).
+    unregister_run_app(domain)
 
 
 def janitor(max_age_seconds: int | None = None) -> None:
-    """Reap orphaned run apps from crashed/rebooted runs. Matches the real naming scheme and only
+    """Reap orphaned run apps from crashed/rebooted runs. Matches the real naming scheme. Safe under
-    reaps apps older than max_age_seconds (so concurrent in-flight runs are never killed). Reaps via
+    CONCURRENT runs (capacity=2): every harness run registers its app in the active-run registry
-    docker primitives so it works even when the .env is gone (A2/A3). Default 2h, env-overridable
+    (register_run_app), so the janitor distinguishes the three cases instead of using age alone:
-    via CCCI_JANITOR_MAX_AGE (e.g. 0 to reap all matching orphans immediately)."""
+      - registered + owner run_recipe_ci process ALIVE  -> in-flight concurrent run: never reap
+      - registered + owner DEAD (crashed/SIGKILLed run) -> definite orphan: reap immediately
+      - no registry entry (pre-registry code, reboot)   -> fall back to the age threshold
+    Reaps via docker primitives so it works even when the .env is gone (A2/A3). Age fallback default
+    2h, env-overridable via CCCI_JANITOR_MAX_AGE."""
     import os
 
     if max_age_seconds is None:
@@ -627,9 +707,18 @@ def janitor(max_age_seconds: int | None = None) -> None:
             seen.add(f"{m.group(1)}.ci.commoninternet.net")
 
     for name in seen:
-        stack = _stack_name(name)
+        owner = _run_owner_state(name)
-        age = _stack_age_seconds(stack)
+        if owner == "alive":
-        if age is not None and age < max_age_seconds:
+            print(f"  janitor: {name} is a live concurrent run — leaving it", flush=True)
-            continue  # likely a concurrent in-flight run; leave it
+            continue
+        if owner == "unknown":
+            # No registry entry (manual run on pre-registry code, or post-reboot): only the age
+            # threshold protects it, as before.
+            stack = _stack_name(name)
+            age = _stack_age_seconds(stack)
+            if age is not None and age < max_age_seconds:
+                continue  # young and of unknown provenance; leave it
+        # owner == "dead" (a crashed/killed run's definite orphan) or old enough -> reap
         with contextlib.suppress(Exception):
             teardown_app(name, verify=False)
+        unregister_run_app(name)

runner/run_recipe_ci.py

@@ -44,17 +44,25 @@ sys.path.insert(0, os.path.join(ROOT, "runner"))
 from harness import (  # noqa: E402
     abra,
     canonical,
-    card as card_mod,
-    deps as deps_mod,
     discovery,
     generic,
     lifecycle,
     naming,
-    results as results_mod,
-    screenshot as screenshot_mod,
     warm,
     warmsnap,
 )
+from harness import (  # noqa: E402
+    card as card_mod,
+)
+from harness import (  # noqa: E402
+    deps as deps_mod,
+)
+from harness import (  # noqa: E402
+    results as results_mod,
+)
+from harness import (  # noqa: E402
+    screenshot as screenshot_mod,
+)
 
 ALL_STAGES = ("install", "upgrade", "backup", "restore", "custom")
 
@@ -827,6 +835,12 @@ def main() -> int:
     print(
         f"== cc-ci run: recipe={recipe} ref={ref} pr={os.environ.get('PR', '0')} stages={sorted(stages)}"
     )
+    # Concurrent-run safety: runs of the SAME recipe serialise on a per-recipe flock — they share
+    # ONE ~/.abra/recipes/<recipe> working tree which fetch_recipe (below) rm-rf's/reclones and the
+    # upgrade tier git-checkouts mid-run. Must be taken BEFORE fetch_recipe. Different recipes run
+    # in parallel (capacity=2). The reference must stay alive for the whole run: the kernel drops
+    # the flock when the fd closes (including on any crash/SIGKILL — no stale-lock failure mode).
+    _recipe_lock = lifecycle.acquire_recipe_lock(recipe)  # noqa: F841
     fetch_recipe(recipe, ref, src)
     # The PR-head commit the upgrade tier re-checks out for the chaos redeploy to the code under test
     # (HC1). Prefer the explicit PR head sha ($REF) — robust + exact; fall back to the recipe checkout
@@ -1285,8 +1299,10 @@ def main() -> int:
             capped = data.get("level_cap_rung")
             sk = data.get("skips", {})
             cap_skip = (
-                "intentional" if capped in (sk.get("intentional") or {})
+                "intentional"
-                else "unintentional" if capped in (sk.get("unintentional") or [])
+                if capped in (sk.get("intentional") or {})
+                else "unintentional"
+                if capped in (sk.get("unintentional") or [])
                 else ""
             )
             with open(os.path.join(run_artifact_dir, "badge.svg"), "w", encoding="utf-8") as f: