hometown/db/migrate
aschmitz 468523f4ad Non-Serial ("Snowflake") IDs (#4801)
* Use non-serial IDs

This change makes a number of nontrivial tweaks to the data model in
Mastodon:

* All IDs are now 8 byte integers (rather than mixed 4- and 8-byte)
* IDs are now assigned as:
  * Top 6 bytes: millisecond-resolution time from epoch
  * Bottom 2 bytes: serial (within the millisecond) sequence number
  * See /lib/tasks/db.rake's `define_timestamp_id` for details, but
    note that the purpose of these changes is to make it difficult to
    determine the number of objects in a table from the ID of any
    object.
* The Redis sorted set used for the feed will have values used to look
  up toots, rather than scores. This is almost always the same as the
  existing behavior, except in the case of boosted toots. This change
  was made because Redis stores scores as double-precision floats,
  which cannot store the new ID format exactly. Note that this doesn't
  cause problems with sorting/pagination, because ZREVRANGEBYSCORE
  sorts lexicographically when scores are tied. (This will still cause
  sorting issues when the ID gains a new significant digit, but that's
  extraordinarily uncommon.)

Note a couple of tradeoffs have been made in this commit:

* lib/tasks/db.rake is used to enforce many/most column constraints,
  because this commit seems likely to take a while to bring upstream.
  Enforcing a post-migrate hook is an easier way to maintain the code
  in the interim.
* Boosted toots will appear in the timeline as many times as they have
  been boosted. This is a tradeoff due to the way the feed is saved in
  Redis at the moment, but will be handled by a future commit.

This would effectively close Mastodon's #1059, as it is a
snowflake-like system of generating IDs. However, given how involved
the changes were simply within Mastodon, it may have unexpected
interactions with some clients, if they store IDs as doubles
(or as 4-byte integers). This was a problem that Twitter ran into with
their "snowflake" transition, particularly in JavaScript clients that
treated IDs as JS integers, rather than strings. It therefore would be
useful to test these changes at least in the web interface and popular
clients before pushing them to all users.

* Fix JavaScript interface with long IDs

Somewhat predictably, the JS interface handled IDs as numbers, which in
JS are IEEE double-precision floats. This loses some precision when
working with numbers as large as those generated by the new ID scheme,
so we instead handle them here as strings. This is relatively simple,
and doesn't appear to have caused any problems, but should definitely
be tested more thoroughly than the built-in tests. Several days of use
appear to support this working properly.

BREAKING CHANGE:

The major(!) change here is that IDs are now returned as strings by the
REST endpoints, rather than as integers. In practice, relatively few
changes were required to make the existing JS UI work with this change,
but it will likely hit API clients pretty hard: it's an entirely
different type to consume. (The one API client I tested, Tusky, handles
this with no problems, however.)

Twitter ran into this issue when introducing Snowflake IDs, and decided
to instead introduce an `id_str` field in JSON responses. I have opted
to *not* do that, and instead force all IDs to 64-bit integers
represented by strings in one go. (I believe Twitter exacerbated their
problem by rolling out the changes three times: once for statuses, once
for DMs, and once for user IDs, as well as by leaving an integer ID
value in JSON. As they said, "If you’re using the `id` field with JSON
in a Javascript-related language, there is a very high likelihood that
the integers will be silently munged by Javascript interpreters. In most
cases, this will result in behavior such as being unable to load or
delete a specific direct message, because the ID you're sending to the
API is different than the actual identifier associated with the
message." [1]) However, given that this is a significant change for API
users, alternatives or a transition time may be appropriate.

1: https://blog.twitter.com/developer/en_us/a/2011/direct-messages-going-snowflake-on-sep-30-2011.html

* Restructure feed pushes/unpushes

This was necessary because the previous behavior used Redis zset scores
to identify statuses, but those are IEEE double-precision floats, so we
can't actually use them to identify all 64-bit IDs. However, it leaves
the code in a much better state for refactoring reblog handling /
coalescing.

Feed-management code has been consolidated in FeedManager, including:

* BatchedRemoveStatusService no longer directly manipulates feed zsets
* RemoveStatusService no longer directly manipulates feed zsets
* PrecomputeFeedService has moved its logic to FeedManager#populate_feed

(PrecomputeFeedService largely made lots of calls to FeedManager, but
didn't follow the normal adding-to-feed process.)

This has the effect of unifying all of the feed push/unpush logic in
FeedManager, making it much more tractable to update it in the future.

Due to some additional checks that must be made during, for example,
batch status removals, some Redis pipelining has been removed. It does
not appear that this should cause significantly increased load, but if
necessary, some optimizations are possible in batch cases. These were
omitted in the pursuit of simplicity, but a batch_push and batch_unpush
would be possible in the future.

Tests were added to verify that pushes happen under expected conditions,
and to verify reblog behavior (both on pushing and unpushing). In the
case of unpushing, this includes testing behavior that currently leads
to confusion such as Mastodon's #2817, but this codifies that the
behavior is currently expected.

* Rubocop fixes

I could swear I made these changes already, but I must have lost them
somewhere along the line.

* Address review comments

This addresses the first two comments from review of this feature:

https://github.com/tootsuite/mastodon/pull/4801#discussion_r139336735
https://github.com/tootsuite/mastodon/pull/4801#discussion_r139336931

This adds an optional argument to FeedManager#key, the subtype of feed
key to generate. It also tests to ensure that FeedManager's settings are
such that reblogs won't be tracked forever.

* Hardcode IdToBigints migration columns

This addresses a comment during review:
https://github.com/tootsuite/mastodon/pull/4801#discussion_r139337452

This means we'll need to make sure that all _id columns going forward
are bigints, but that should happen automatically in most cases.

* Additional fixes for stringified IDs in JSON

These should be the last two. These were identified using eslint to try
to identify any plain casts to JavaScript numbers. (Some such casts are
legitimate, but these were not.)

Adding the following to .eslintrc.yml will identify casts to numbers:

~~~
  no-restricted-syntax:
  - warn
  - selector: UnaryExpression[operator='+'] > :not(Literal)
    message: Avoid the use of unary +
  - selector: CallExpression[callee.name='Number']
    message: Casting with Number() may coerce string IDs to numbers
~~~

The remaining three casts appear legitimate: two casts to array indices,
one in a server to turn an environment variable into a number.

* Only implement timestamp IDs for Status IDs

Per discussion in #4801, this is only being merged in for Status IDs at
this point. We do this in a migration, as there is no longer use for
a post-migration hook. We keep the initialization of the timestamp_id
function as a Rake task, as it is also needed after db:schema:load (as
db/schema.rb doesn't store Postgres functions).

* Change internal streaming payloads to stringified IDs as well

This is equivalent to 591a9af356faf2d5c7e66e3ec715502796c875cd from
#5019, with an extra change for the addition to FeedManager#unpush.

* Ensure we have a status_id_seq sequence

Apparently this is not a given when specifying a custom ID function,
so now we ensure it gets created. This uses the generic version of this
function to more easily support adding additional tables with timestamp
IDs in the future, although it would be possible to cut this down to a
less generic version if necessary. It is only run during db:schema:load
or the relevant migration, so the overhead is extraordinarily minimal.

* Transition reblogs to new Redis format

This provides a one-way migration to transition old Redis reblog entries
into the new format, with a separate tracking entry for reblogs.

It is not invertible because doing so could (if timestamp IDs are used)
require a database query for each status in each users' feed, which is
likely to be a significant toll on major instances.

* Address review comments from @akihikodaki

No functional changes.

* Additional review changes

* Heredoc cleanup

* Run db:schema:load hooks for test in development

This matches the behavior in Rails'
ActiveRecord::Tasks::DatabaseTasks.each_current_configuration, which
would otherwise break `rake db:setup` in development.

It also moves some functionality out to a library, which will be a good
place to put additional related functionality in the near future.
2017-10-04 09:56:37 +02:00
..
20160220174730_create_accounts.rb Add migration versions (#3574) 2017-06-05 02:43:02 +02:00
20160220211917_create_statuses.rb Add migration versions (#3574) 2017-06-05 02:43:02 +02:00
20160221003140_create_users.rb Add migration versions (#3574) 2017-06-05 02:43:02 +02:00
20160221003621_create_follows.rb Add migration versions (#3574) 2017-06-05 02:43:02 +02:00
20160222122600_create_stream_entries.rb Add migration versions (#3574) 2017-06-05 02:43:02 +02:00
20160222143943_add_profile_fields_to_accounts.rb Add migration versions (#3574) 2017-06-05 02:43:02 +02:00
20160223162837_add_metadata_to_statuses.rb Add migration versions (#3574) 2017-06-05 02:43:02 +02:00
20160223164502_make_uris_nullable_in_statuses.rb Add migration versions (#3574) 2017-06-05 02:43:02 +02:00
20160223165723_add_url_to_statuses.rb Add migration versions (#3574) 2017-06-05 02:43:02 +02:00
20160223165855_add_url_to_accounts.rb Add migration versions (#3574) 2017-06-05 02:43:02 +02:00
20160223171800_create_favourites.rb Add migration versions (#3574) 2017-06-05 02:43:02 +02:00
20160224223247_create_mentions.rb Add migration versions (#3574) 2017-06-05 02:43:02 +02:00
20160227230233_add_attachment_avatar_to_accounts.rb Add migration versions (#3574) 2017-06-05 02:43:02 +02:00
20160305115639_add_devise_to_users.rb Add migration versions (#3574) 2017-06-05 02:43:02 +02:00
20160306172223_create_doorkeeper_tables.rb Add migration versions (#3574) 2017-06-05 02:43:02 +02:00
20160312193225_add_attachment_header_to_accounts.rb Add migration versions (#3574) 2017-06-05 02:43:02 +02:00
20160314164231_add_owner_to_application.rb Add migration versions (#3574) 2017-06-05 02:43:02 +02:00
20160316103650_add_missing_indices.rb Add migration versions (#3574) 2017-06-05 02:43:02 +02:00
20160322193748_add_avatar_remote_url_to_accounts.rb Add migration versions (#3574) 2017-06-05 02:43:02 +02:00
20160325130944_add_admin_to_users.rb Add migration versions (#3574) 2017-06-05 02:43:02 +02:00
20160826155805_add_superapp_to_oauth_applications.rb The frontend will now be an OAuth app, auto-authorized. The frontend will use an access token for API requests 2016-08-26 19:12:19 +02:00
20160905150353_create_media_attachments.rb Add API to upload media attachments 2016-09-05 17:46:36 +02:00
20160919221059_add_subscription_expires_at_to_accounts.rb Separate PuSH subscriptions from following, add mastodon:push:refresh task, 2016-09-20 00:43:36 +02:00
20160920003904_remove_verify_token_from_accounts.rb Upgrade to PubSubHubbub 0.4 (removing verify_token) 2016-09-20 02:43:20 +02:00
20160926213048_remove_owner_from_application.rb Replace logo, fix #57 - delete/unreblog/unfavourite API, fix #45 - app 2016-09-26 23:56:53 +02:00
20161003142332_add_confirmable_to_users.rb Adding e-mail confirmations 2016-10-03 16:51:00 +02:00
20161003145426_create_blocks.rb Adding a block model and filter mentions from blocked users (fix #60) 2016-10-03 17:12:13 +02:00
20161006213403_rails_settings_migration.rb Add migration versions (#3574) 2017-06-05 02:43:02 +02:00
20161009120834_create_domain_blocks.rb Adding domain blocks 2016-10-09 14:48:59 +02:00
20161027172456_add_silenced_to_accounts.rb Adding public timeline silencing 2016-10-27 19:33:04 +02:00
20161104173623_create_tags.rb Adding hashtag model 2016-11-04 19:12:59 +01:00
20161105130633_create_statuses_tags_join_table.rb Adding hashtags 2016-11-05 17:13:14 +01:00
20161116162355_add_locale_to_users.rb Add user locale setting 2016-11-16 17:56:31 +01:00
20161119211120_create_notifications.rb Adding notifications column 2016-11-20 19:39:58 +01:00
20161122163057_remove_unneeded_indexes.rb Remove unneeded indices, improve error handling in background workers, don't needlessly reload reblogged status, send Devise e-mails asynchronously 2016-11-22 17:32:51 +01:00
20161123093447_add_sensitive_to_statuses.rb Adding sensitive marker to statuses in API 2016-11-23 10:46:48 +01:00
20161128103007_create_subscriptions.rb Adding embedded PuSH server 2016-11-28 13:36:47 +01:00
20161130142058_add_last_successful_delivery_at_to_subscriptions.rb Track successful PuSH deliveries 2016-11-30 15:24:57 +01:00
20161130185319_add_visibility_to_statuses.rb Per-status control for unlisted mode, also federation for unlisted mode 2016-11-30 21:34:59 +01:00
20161202132159_add_in_reply_to_account_id_to_statuses.rb Make data migration more merciful 2016-12-02 15:09:44 +01:00
20161203164520_add_from_account_id_to_notifications.rb Keep timelines in the UI trimmed when possible 2016-12-03 21:04:57 +01:00
20161205214545_add_suspended_to_accounts.rb Add account suspension 2016-12-05 22:59:30 +01:00
20161221152630_add_hidden_to_stream_entries.rb Private visibility on statuses prevents non-followers from seeing those 2016-12-21 20:04:13 +01:00
20161222201034_add_locked_to_accounts.rb Add "locked" flag to accounts, prevent blocked users from following, force-unfollow blocked users 2016-12-22 21:34:19 +01:00
20161222204147_create_follow_requests.rb Follow call on locked account creates follow request instead 2016-12-22 23:03:57 +01:00
20170105224407_add_shortcode_to_media_attachments.rb Fix #416 - Generate random unique 14-byte (19 characters) shortcodes 2017-01-06 00:29:12 +01:00
20170109120109_create_web_settings.rb Persist UI settings, add missing localizations for German 2017-01-09 14:00:55 +01:00
20170112154826_migrate_settings.rb Add migration versions (#3574) 2017-06-05 02:43:02 +02:00
20170114194937_add_application_to_statuses.rb Add tracking of OAuth app that posted a status, extend OAuth apps to have optional website field, add application details to API, show application name and website on detailed status views. Resolves #11 2017-01-15 08:58:50 +11:00
20170114203041_add_website_to_oauth_application.rb Add tracking of OAuth app that posted a status, extend OAuth apps to have optional website field, add application details to API, show application name and website on detailed status views. Resolves #11 2017-01-15 08:58:50 +11:00
20170119214911_create_preview_cards.rb Fix #463 - Fetch and display previews of URLs using OpenGraph tags 2017-01-20 01:00:14 +01:00
20170123162658_add_severity_to_domain_blocks.rb Domain blocks now have varying severity - auto-suspend vs auto-silence 2017-01-23 17:38:38 +01:00
20170123203248_add_reject_media_to_domain_blocks.rb Optional domain block attribute that prevents media attachments from being downloaded 2017-01-23 21:36:08 +01:00
20170125145934_add_spoiler_text_to_statuses.rb Fix spoiler_text not having "not null" constraint 2017-01-25 15:24:19 +01:00
20170127165745_add_devise_two_factor_to_users.rb Added optional two-factor authentication 2017-01-27 20:35:16 +01:00
20170129000348_create_devices.rb API for apps to register for push notifications 2017-01-29 01:30:32 +01:00
20170205175257_remove_devices.rb Fix #61 - Add list of blocked users to the UI; clean up failed push notifications API 2017-02-05 19:18:11 +01:00
20170209184350_add_reply_to_statuses.rb Fix #614 - extra reply-boolean on statuses to account for cases when replied-to 2017-02-09 20:25:39 +01:00
20170214110202_create_reports.rb Adding POST /api/v1/reports API, and a UI for submitting reports 2017-02-14 20:59:26 +01:00
20170217012631_add_reblog_of_id_foreign_key_to_statuses.rb Add foreign key to prevent reblogs of non-existent (after race conditions) statuses from happening 2017-02-17 02:33:10 +01:00
20170301222600_create_mutes.rb Feature conversations muting (#3017) 2017-05-15 03:04:13 +02:00
20170303212857_add_last_emailed_at_to_users.rb Add digest e-mails 2017-03-04 00:00:48 +01:00
20170304202101_add_type_to_media_attachments.rb Fix #431 - convert gif to webm during upload. Web UI treats them like it did 2017-03-04 23:02:24 +01:00
20170317193015_add_search_index_to_accounts.rb Make account search blazing fast and rank followers/followees higher in the results 2017-03-17 20:48:14 +01:00
20170318214217_add_header_remote_url_to_accounts.rb Federate header images, fix open-uri http->https redirection error 2017-03-18 22:51:20 +01:00
20170322021028_add_lowercase_index_to_accounts.rb More efficient single account retrieval (0.9ms vs 50ms before) 2017-03-22 03:21:38 +01:00
20170322143850_change_primary_key_to_bigint_on_statuses.rb Upgrade status IDs to bigint 2017-03-22 15:46:58 +01:00
20170322162804_add_search_index_to_tags.rb Fix full-text search query quotation, improve tag search performance with an index, 2017-03-22 17:36:34 +01:00
20170330021336_add_counter_caches.rb Fix up null values on latest migration, add notes 2017-03-30 16:06:27 +02:00
20170330163835_create_imports.rb Import feature for following/blocking lists (addresses #62, #177, #201, #454) 2017-03-30 19:42:33 +02:00
20170330164118_add_attachment_data_to_imports.rb Add migration versions (#3574) 2017-06-05 02:43:02 +02:00
20170403172249_add_action_taken_by_account_id_to_reports.rb Add basic logging of who resolved report 2017-04-03 19:35:00 +02:00
20170405112956_add_index_on_mentions_status_id.rb Add index on mentions status_id 2017-04-05 13:32:57 +02:00
20170406215816_add_notifications_and_favourites_indices.rb Low-hanging fruit of query optimization, these indices were missing 2017-04-07 00:04:38 +02:00
20170409170753_add_last_webfingered_at_to_accounts.rb Refresh webfinger (#1323) 2017-04-15 03:16:05 +02:00
20170414080609_add_devise_two_factor_backupable_to_users.rb Add recovery code support for two-factor auth (#1773) 2017-04-15 13:26:03 +02:00
20170414132105_add_language_to_statuses.rb Add language detection (#1772) 2017-04-16 20:32:17 +02:00
20170418160728_add_indexes_to_reports_for_accounts.rb Admin reports with accounts (#2092) 2017-04-18 19:36:18 +02:00
20170423005413_add_allowed_languages_to_user.rb Filter on allowed user language preferences (#2361) 2017-05-01 17:42:13 +02:00
20170424003227_create_account_domain_blocks.rb Account domain blocks (#2381) 2017-05-19 01:14:30 +02:00
20170424112722_add_status_id_index_to_statuses_tags.rb Add index to statuses_tags#status_id (#2394) 2017-04-24 15:10:14 +02:00
20170425131920_add_media_attachment_meta.rb Add media dimensions (#2448) 2017-04-26 03:48:12 +02:00
20170425202925_add_oembed_to_preview_cards.rb OEmbed support for PreviewCard (#2337) 2017-04-27 14:42:22 +02:00
20170427011934_re_add_owner_to_application.rb Application prefs section (#2758) 2017-08-22 18:33:57 +02:00
20170506235850_create_conversations.rb Add conversation model, <ostatus:conversation /> (#3016) 2017-05-12 19:09:21 +02:00
20170507000211_add_conversation_id_to_statuses.rb Add conversation model, <ostatus:conversation /> (#3016) 2017-05-12 19:09:21 +02:00
20170507141759_optimize_index_subscriptions.rb Add effective index to subscriptions (#2885) 2017-05-07 19:00:20 +02:00
20170508230434_create_conversation_mutes.rb Feature conversations muting (#3017) 2017-05-15 03:04:13 +02:00
20170516072309_add_index_accounts_on_uri.rb Make faster ProcessFeedService (#3080) 2017-05-16 12:12:29 +02:00
20170520145338_change_language_filter_to_opt_out.rb Filter languages with opt out (#3175) 2017-05-20 17:32:44 +02:00
20170601210557_add_index_on_media_attachments_account_id.rb Add index to media_attachments.account_id (#3510) 2017-06-02 16:18:54 +02:00
20170604144747_add_foreign_keys_for_accounts.rb Fix #3550 - Add all missing foreign keys (#3562) 2017-06-05 13:24:00 +02:00
20170606113804_change_tag_search_index_to_btree.rb Fix tag search order and not to use tsvector (#3611) 2017-06-06 16:07:06 +02:00
20170609145826_remove_default_language_from_statuses.rb Language detection defaults to nil (#3666) 2017-06-09 18:09:37 +02:00
20170610000000_add_statuses_index_on_account_id_id.rb Add index statuses on account_id and id (#3895) 2017-06-23 17:46:00 +02:00
20170623152212_create_session_activations.rb Revocable sessions (#3616) 2017-06-23 18:50:53 +02:00
20170624134742_add_description_to_session_activations.rb Add overview of active sessions (#3929) 2017-06-25 16:54:30 +02:00
20170625140443_add_access_token_id_to_session_activations.rb Bind web UI access tokens to sessions (#3940) 2017-06-25 23:51:32 +02:00
20170711225116_fix_null_booleans.rb Fix boolean columns sometimes having a null value (#4162) 2017-07-13 03:12:25 +02:00
20170713112503_make_tag_search_case_insensitive.rb Make tag search case insensitive again (#4184) 2017-07-13 19:31:33 +02:00
20170713175513_create_web_push_subscriptions.rb Web Push Notifications (#3243) 2017-07-13 22:15:32 +02:00
20170713190709_add_web_push_subscription_to_session_activations.rb Web Push Notifications (#3243) 2017-07-13 22:15:32 +02:00
20170714184731_add_domain_to_subscriptions.rb Fix #2672 - Connect signed PuSH subscription requests to instance domain (#4205) 2017-07-14 23:01:20 +02:00
20170718211102_add_activitypub_to_accounts.rb Add ActivityPub attributes to accounts (#4273) 2017-07-19 17:06:46 +02:00
20170720000000_add_index_favourites_on_account_id_and_id.rb Add index favourites on account_id and id (#4360) 2017-07-26 03:35:25 +02:00
20170823162448_create_status_pins.rb Pinned statuses (#4675) 2017-08-25 01:41:18 +02:00
20170824103029_add_timestamps_to_status_pins.rb Allow multiple pinned statuses to be shown and make them be ordered b… (#4690) 2017-08-25 18:50:52 +02:00
20170829215220_remove_status_pins_account_index.rb Remove unneccesary indices (#4738) 2017-08-30 05:04:20 +02:00
20170901141119_truncate_preview_cards.rb Make PreviewCard records reuseable between statuses (#4642) 2017-09-01 16:20:16 +02:00
20170901142658_create_join_table_preview_cards_statuses.rb Make PreviewCard records reuseable between statuses (#4642) 2017-09-01 16:20:16 +02:00
20170905044538_add_index_id_account_id_activity_type_on_notifications.rb add index_notifications_on_id_and_account_id_and_activity_type on notifications table (#4750) 2017-09-05 12:30:01 +02:00
20170905165803_add_local_to_statuses.rb Fix locking migration on statuses table. Nullable column and NO default value (#4825) 2017-09-06 20:57:52 +02:00
20170913000752_create_site_uploads.rb Uploads for admin site settings (#4913) 2017-09-14 00:04:30 +02:00
20170917153509_create_custom_emojis.rb Custom emoji (#4988) 2017-09-19 02:42:40 +02:00
20170918125918_ids_to_bigints.rb Make IdsToBigints (mostly!) non-blocking (#5088) 2017-10-02 21:28:59 +02:00
20170920024819_status_ids_to_timestamp_ids.rb Non-Serial ("Snowflake") IDs (#4801) 2017-10-04 09:56:37 +02:00
20170920032311_fix_reblogs_in_feeds.rb Non-Serial ("Snowflake") IDs (#4801) 2017-10-04 09:56:37 +02:00
20170924022025_ids_to_bigints2.rb Forgotten in #5039, change statuses_tags tag_id to bigint (#5070) 2017-09-24 05:58:07 +02:00
20170927215609_add_description_to_media_attachments.rb Add ability to specify alternative text for media attachments (#5123) 2017-09-28 15:31:31 +02:00