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<title>Community Memory 🌱 Digital Garden</title>
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<meta name="description" content="Community Memory (CM) was the first computer-based public bulletin board, operating from 1973 through 1992 with most terminals located in public spaces in Berkeley, California, such as libraries, s...">
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<svg class="w1 mr2" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 243.11 219.53"><path fill="currentColor" d="M243.11 64.85q0 11.66-1.12 15.72-.42 1.43-6.31 14.43-6.18-.14-12.5-.42-8.15-.42-11.79-2.39-2.94-1.55-9.82-9.54a129 129 0 0 1-8.71-11.23q-3.23-6.75-10.1-20.22-3.66-6.73-13.9-21a95.7 95.7 0 0 0-15.44-1.26q-4.77 0-13.76 11.79a99.49 99.49 0 0 0-10.8 16.56Q127 60.92 123.24 71q-4.35 11.35-4.35 13.33v135.2h-7.58V75.8a44.51 44.51 0 0 0-1.82-11.09q-2.11-7.57-4.64-10-4.62-4.49-18.95-4.49-2.39 0-7.79 5.62t-6.52 8.42q-4.64 11-6.18 34-1.55 23.58-5.61 34.25-1.12 2.94-8.71 11.37a107.26 107.26 0 0 1-10.52 10.52q-2 1.69-18.67 10.53-8.43-14-16.71-28.21Q0 125.35 0 103.73q0-15.58 2.39-24.42 7.16-26.67 15.16-36.08 6.16-7.29 22.88-14A64.23 64.23 0 0 1 64.57 24 94.86 94.86 0 0 1 79 25.69q10.38 1.81 14 3.51 6.31 2.81 14 12.7t9.4 16.77q.42 1.69 1.13 6.88 1.26-5.47 4.21-16.14 2.23-4.92 6.74-14.88A117.39 117.39 0 0 1 135 20.35q7.31-10.67 27.23-16.84A77.2 77.2 0 0 1 185.14 0q13.34 0 19.94 1.82 25.39 7.17 34.81 35 3.23 9.64 3.22 28.03zm-139-16.42q-4.22-4.77-14.32-12.08-8.79-4.07-25.22-4.07-10 0-21.9 4.64T23.58 48.29q-2 1.82-8.77 19.58T8 88.71q0 2.54-.14 7.72t-.14 7.72q0 15.72 2.11 23.44a51.07 51.07 0 0 0 6.87 13.9q8.15 12.36 8.57 13 3.64-1.81 10.52-6.17 2.53-2 9.27-9.48t7.58-9.61q4.48-10.95 5.89-34.67t5.9-34.67q2.1-5.34 8.14-10.25L83 41.55zm131.42 19.09V55.73q0-10-2.1-16.15A49.06 49.06 0 0 0 221.5 20.7a40.61 40.61 0 0 0-18.67-11.16q-7.16-1.81-21.62-1.82-7.44 0-22 5.47Q144 19 140 24.14q-1.41 1.83-5.62 13.48 5.61-4.92 16.7-14.74h22.18q4.92 6.32 13.9 19.65 4.06 9 13.47 26.25 8.56 12.91 14.18 15.72a26.21 26.21 0 0 0 11.6 2.5l4.91-.14a47.55 47.55 0 0 0 4.21-19.34z"/></svg>
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<a class="no-underline f4 foreground-text anthony mr3" rel="author" href="/">Digital Garden</a>
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<time class="ml3 flex-auto" datetime="2021-04-24T00:00:00+00:00">
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Created <br> April 24, 2021
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</time>
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<time datetime="2021-05-30T19:41:09+00:00">
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Last updated <br> May 30, 2021
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</div>
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<h1 class="note-title normal relative work-sans-light f-5 f1-m mb4 lh-solid">Community Memory</h1>
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</header>
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<div class="note-contents f5 lh-copy ">
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<p><img src="assets/images/cm.png" alt="Community Memory terminal at Milt's Coin Op" /></p>
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<blockquote>
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<p>Community Memory (CM) was the first computer-based public bulletin board, operating from 1973 through 1992 with most terminals located in public spaces in Berkeley, California, such as libraries, senior centers, co-ops, and laundromats. Born out of the Free Speech and countercultural movements of the 1960s, CM’s purpose was to provide a free community-based space that linked people together through the unmediated sharing of ideas and knowledge,
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collective planning, and classified ads via messages and discussion forums.
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Working as a nonprofit called Resource One Inc., which was dedicated to making computers available to the counterculture, Lee Felsenstein, Efrem Lipkin, Ken Colstad, and other developers created CM using a donated mainframe computer. The terminals, which consisted of a computer display and keyboard that was originally housed in a cardboard box, then later in a wooden one, were networked and messages were indexed, making all content available and
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searchable on any CM machine at any location. While messages were free to read, adding a message cost 25 cents. Posting could be anonymous or signed, and registration was not required.</p>
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<p>The first terminals operated from 1973 to 1974 at Leopold’s Records, a communal house, and Whole Earth Access Store in Berkeley; Vocations for Social Change in Oakland; and the San Francisco Public Library’s Mission branch. Although it was popular, the group temporarily shut down the project because they could not easily replicate the equipment and languages being used, and the computer that acted as the central hub in the network was not sufficient to
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support expansion of the project.</p>
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<p>The three men regrouped and in 1977 created a collectively run nonprofit entity called the Community Memory Project to support CM (this group was interchangeably referred to as the Community Memory Project and Community Memory). They developed their own software, a database called Sequitur, and a communications package called X.dot, and began placing terminals with the overhauled system throughout Berkeley. That pilot program ran from 1984 to
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1988, after which they made adjustments based on research and evaluations, then released new terminals in 1989 in Berkeley and licensed their software for similar systems to be set up in places like San Francisco State University and Los Angeles’ Electronic Cafe. Due to a shortage of funding and inconsistent marketing and outreach, Community Memory shutdown in 1992.</p>
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</blockquote>
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<p><img src="assets/images/cm2.jpeg" alt="Community Memory terminal" /></p>
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<p><a href="https://archive.computerhistory.org/resources/access/text/finding-aids/102733953-Community-Memory/102733953-Community-Memory.pdf" data-proofer-ignore="true">https://archive.computerhistory.org/resources/access/text/finding-aids/102733953-Community-Memory/102733953-Community-Memory.pdf</a></p>
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<p><a href="https://computerhistory.org/blog/community-memory-precedents-in-social-media-and-movements/">https://computerhistory.org/blog/community-memory-precedents-in-social-media-and-movements/</a></p>
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<h2 class="normal f1 f2-m mv4 work-sans-light lh-solid">Notes mentioning this note</h2>
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<h3 class="mt0 normal f5 mb2"><a class="internal-link" href="/social-stories">Social Stories</a></h3>
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<div class="f7 lh-copy mb3 flex-auto">What is it that you hope to explore during your residency? We are exploring the protocols, languages, and material of...</div>
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