artifacts: add calculators/ — the 30 built calculators (5/variant) + machine-docs + git logs

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2026-06-16 15:39:42 +00:00
parent 64bc360fc0
commit bb85aa9f11
728 changed files with 34148 additions and 0 deletions

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from calc.parser import Num, BinOp, Unary
class EvalError(Exception):
pass
def evaluate(node) -> "int | float":
"""Walk the AST and return a numeric result.
Type rule: integer arithmetic stays int; division returns float, except when
the quotient is whole-valued — then it is normalised to int so the CLI can
print it without a trailing '.0'.
"""
if isinstance(node, Num):
return node.value
if isinstance(node, Unary):
return -evaluate(node.operand)
if isinstance(node, BinOp):
left = evaluate(node.left)
right = evaluate(node.right)
if node.op == 'PLUS':
return left + right
if node.op == 'MINUS':
return left - right
if node.op == 'STAR':
return left * right
if node.op == 'SLASH':
if right == 0:
raise EvalError("division by zero")
result = left / right
return int(result) if result == int(result) else result
raise EvalError(f"unknown node: {type(node).__name__}")

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from dataclasses import dataclass
from typing import Union
class LexError(Exception):
pass
@dataclass
class Token:
kind: str
value: Union[int, float, None] = None
def tokenize(src: str) -> list:
tokens = []
i = 0
n = len(src)
while i < n:
ch = src[i]
if ch in ' \t':
i += 1
elif ch.isdigit() or ch == '.':
j = i
while j < n and src[j].isdigit():
j += 1
if j < n and src[j] == '.':
j += 1
while j < n and src[j].isdigit():
j += 1
tokens.append(Token('NUMBER', float(src[i:j])))
else:
tokens.append(Token('NUMBER', int(src[i:j])))
i = j
elif ch == '+':
tokens.append(Token('PLUS'))
i += 1
elif ch == '-':
tokens.append(Token('MINUS'))
i += 1
elif ch == '*':
tokens.append(Token('STAR'))
i += 1
elif ch == '/':
tokens.append(Token('SLASH'))
i += 1
elif ch == '(':
tokens.append(Token('LPAREN'))
i += 1
elif ch == ')':
tokens.append(Token('RPAREN'))
i += 1
else:
raise LexError(f"unexpected character {ch!r} at position {i}")
tokens.append(Token('EOF'))
return tokens

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from dataclasses import dataclass
from typing import Union
class ParseError(Exception):
pass
@dataclass
class Num:
value: Union[int, float]
def __repr__(self):
return f"Num({self.value})"
@dataclass
class BinOp:
op: str
left: object
right: object
def __repr__(self):
return f"BinOp({self.op}, {self.left!r}, {self.right!r})"
@dataclass
class Unary:
op: str
operand: object
def __repr__(self):
return f"Unary({self.op}, {self.operand!r})"
class _Parser:
def __init__(self, tokens):
self.tokens = tokens
self.pos = 0
def _peek(self):
return self.tokens[self.pos]
def _consume(self, kind=None):
tok = self.tokens[self.pos]
if kind is not None and tok.kind != kind:
raise ParseError(f"expected {kind!r}, got {tok.kind!r}")
self.pos += 1
return tok
def _expr(self):
left = self._term()
while self._peek().kind in ('PLUS', 'MINUS'):
op = self._consume().kind
right = self._term()
left = BinOp(op, left, right)
return left
def _term(self):
left = self._unary()
while self._peek().kind in ('STAR', 'SLASH'):
op = self._consume().kind
right = self._unary()
left = BinOp(op, left, right)
return left
def _unary(self):
if self._peek().kind == 'MINUS':
self._consume()
return Unary('MINUS', self._unary())
return self._primary()
def _primary(self):
tok = self._peek()
if tok.kind == 'NUMBER':
self._consume()
return Num(tok.value)
if tok.kind == 'LPAREN':
self._consume()
node = self._expr()
if self._peek().kind != 'RPAREN':
raise ParseError(f"expected ')', got {self._peek().kind!r}")
self._consume()
return node
raise ParseError(f"unexpected token {tok.kind!r}")
def parse(tokens) -> object:
"""Parse a token list into an AST.
Nodes:
Num(value) — numeric literal (int or float)
BinOp(op, left, right) — binary op; op in {'PLUS','MINUS','STAR','SLASH'}
Unary(op, operand) — unary minus; op == 'MINUS'
Raises ParseError on malformed input.
"""
p = _Parser(tokens)
if p._peek().kind == 'EOF':
raise ParseError("empty input")
node = p._expr()
if p._peek().kind != 'EOF':
raise ParseError(f"unexpected token {p._peek().kind!r} after expression")
return node

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import unittest
from calc.lexer import tokenize
from calc.parser import parse
from calc.evaluator import evaluate, EvalError
def calc(s):
return evaluate(parse(tokenize(s)))
class TestArithmetic(unittest.TestCase):
def test_add_mul_precedence(self):
self.assertEqual(calc("2+3*4"), 14)
def test_paren_override(self):
self.assertEqual(calc("(2+3)*4"), 20)
def test_left_assoc_sub(self):
self.assertEqual(calc("8-3-2"), 3)
def test_unary_minus(self):
self.assertEqual(calc("-2+5"), 3)
def test_unary_in_mul(self):
self.assertEqual(calc("2*-3"), -6)
def test_add(self):
self.assertEqual(calc("1+2"), 3)
def test_sub(self):
self.assertEqual(calc("5-3"), 2)
def test_mul(self):
self.assertEqual(calc("3*4"), 12)
class TestDivision(unittest.TestCase):
def test_true_division(self):
self.assertEqual(calc("7/2"), 3.5)
def test_exact_division(self):
self.assertEqual(calc("4/2"), 2)
def test_division_by_zero(self):
with self.assertRaises(EvalError):
calc("1/0")
def test_division_by_zero_not_bare(self):
# Must raise EvalError, not the raw ZeroDivisionError
try:
calc("1/0")
self.fail("expected EvalError")
except EvalError:
pass
except ZeroDivisionError:
self.fail("bare ZeroDivisionError escaped; must be EvalError")
class TestResultType(unittest.TestCase):
def test_int_arithmetic_stays_int(self):
self.assertIsInstance(calc("2+3"), int)
def test_whole_division_returns_int(self):
# 4/2 = 2.0 → normalised to int so fmt can omit '.0'
self.assertIsInstance(calc("4/2"), int)
self.assertEqual(calc("4/2"), 2)
def test_non_whole_division_returns_float(self):
self.assertIsInstance(calc("7/2"), float)
self.assertEqual(calc("7/2"), 3.5)
if __name__ == '__main__':
unittest.main()

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import unittest
from calc.lexer import tokenize, Token, LexError
def kinds(src):
return [t.kind for t in tokenize(src)]
def pairs(src):
return [(t.kind, t.value) for t in tokenize(src)]
class TestNumbers(unittest.TestCase):
def test_integer(self):
result = tokenize("42")
self.assertEqual(result, [Token("NUMBER", 42), Token("EOF")])
def test_float(self):
result = tokenize("3.14")
self.assertEqual(result[0], Token("NUMBER", 3.14))
self.assertEqual(result[1], Token("EOF"))
def test_float_leading_dot(self):
result = tokenize(".5")
self.assertEqual(result[0], Token("NUMBER", 0.5))
self.assertEqual(result[1], Token("EOF"))
def test_float_trailing_dot(self):
result = tokenize("10.")
self.assertEqual(result[0], Token("NUMBER", 10.0))
self.assertEqual(result[1], Token("EOF"))
def test_number_value_int(self):
result = tokenize("0")
self.assertIsInstance(result[0].value, int)
def test_number_value_float(self):
result = tokenize("3.14")
self.assertIsInstance(result[0].value, float)
class TestOperatorsAndParens(unittest.TestCase):
def test_plus(self):
self.assertIn("PLUS", kinds("+"))
def test_minus(self):
self.assertIn("MINUS", kinds("-"))
def test_star(self):
self.assertIn("STAR", kinds("*"))
def test_slash(self):
self.assertIn("SLASH", kinds("/"))
def test_lparen(self):
self.assertIn("LPAREN", kinds("("))
def test_rparen(self):
self.assertIn("RPAREN", kinds(")"))
def test_expression_1_plus_2_times_3(self):
self.assertEqual(
kinds("1+2*3"),
["NUMBER", "PLUS", "NUMBER", "STAR", "NUMBER", "EOF"],
)
def test_all_operators(self):
self.assertEqual(
kinds("+-*/()"),
["PLUS", "MINUS", "STAR", "SLASH", "LPAREN", "RPAREN", "EOF"],
)
class TestWhitespaceAndErrors(unittest.TestCase):
def test_whitespace_between_tokens(self):
result = tokenize(" 12 + 3 ")
self.assertEqual(kinds(" 12 + 3 "), ["NUMBER", "PLUS", "NUMBER", "EOF"])
self.assertEqual(result[0].value, 12)
self.assertEqual(result[2].value, 3)
def test_tabs_skipped(self):
self.assertEqual(kinds("1\t+\t2"), ["NUMBER", "PLUS", "NUMBER", "EOF"])
def test_complex_expression(self):
self.assertEqual(
pairs("3.5*(1-2)"),
[
("NUMBER", 3.5),
("STAR", None),
("LPAREN", None),
("NUMBER", 1),
("MINUS", None),
("NUMBER", 2),
("RPAREN", None),
("EOF", None),
],
)
def test_invalid_at_raises_lex_error(self):
with self.assertRaises(LexError):
tokenize("1 @ 2")
def test_invalid_dollar_raises_lex_error(self):
with self.assertRaises(LexError):
tokenize("$5")
def test_invalid_letter_raises_lex_error(self):
with self.assertRaises(LexError):
tokenize("x")
def test_lex_error_message_contains_char(self):
try:
tokenize("1 @ 2")
except LexError as e:
self.assertIn("@", str(e))
def test_lex_error_message_contains_position(self):
try:
tokenize("1 @ 2")
except LexError as e:
self.assertIn("2", str(e))
if __name__ == "__main__":
unittest.main()

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import unittest
from calc.lexer import tokenize
from calc.parser import parse, ParseError, Num, BinOp, Unary
def p(src):
return parse(tokenize(src))
class TestPrecedence(unittest.TestCase):
def test_mul_over_add(self):
# 1+2*3 → 1+(2*3)
self.assertEqual(repr(p('1+2*3')),
'BinOp(PLUS, Num(1), BinOp(STAR, Num(2), Num(3)))')
def test_div_over_sub(self):
# 6-4/2 → 6-(4/2)
self.assertEqual(repr(p('6-4/2')),
'BinOp(MINUS, Num(6), BinOp(SLASH, Num(4), Num(2)))')
def test_mul_over_add_reversed(self):
# 2*3+1 → (2*3)+1
self.assertEqual(repr(p('2*3+1')),
'BinOp(PLUS, BinOp(STAR, Num(2), Num(3)), Num(1))')
class TestLeftAssociativity(unittest.TestCase):
def test_subtraction_left(self):
# 8-3-2 → (8-3)-2
self.assertEqual(repr(p('8-3-2')),
'BinOp(MINUS, BinOp(MINUS, Num(8), Num(3)), Num(2))')
def test_division_left(self):
# 8/4/2 → (8/4)/2
self.assertEqual(repr(p('8/4/2')),
'BinOp(SLASH, BinOp(SLASH, Num(8), Num(4)), Num(2))')
def test_addition_left(self):
# 1+2+3 → (1+2)+3
self.assertEqual(repr(p('1+2+3')),
'BinOp(PLUS, BinOp(PLUS, Num(1), Num(2)), Num(3))')
def test_mul_left(self):
# 2*3*4 → (2*3)*4
self.assertEqual(repr(p('2*3*4')),
'BinOp(STAR, BinOp(STAR, Num(2), Num(3)), Num(4))')
class TestParentheses(unittest.TestCase):
def test_parens_override_precedence(self):
# (1+2)*3 → STAR at top, PLUS inside
self.assertEqual(repr(p('(1+2)*3')),
'BinOp(STAR, BinOp(PLUS, Num(1), Num(2)), Num(3))')
def test_parens_on_right(self):
# 3*(1+2)
self.assertEqual(repr(p('3*(1+2)')),
'BinOp(STAR, Num(3), BinOp(PLUS, Num(1), Num(2)))')
def test_nested_parens(self):
self.assertEqual(repr(p('((2))')), 'Num(2)')
class TestUnaryMinus(unittest.TestCase):
def test_leading_unary(self):
self.assertEqual(repr(p('-5')), 'Unary(MINUS, Num(5))')
def test_unary_paren(self):
self.assertEqual(repr(p('-(1+2)')),
'Unary(MINUS, BinOp(PLUS, Num(1), Num(2)))')
def test_unary_in_mul(self):
self.assertEqual(repr(p('3 * -2')),
'BinOp(STAR, Num(3), Unary(MINUS, Num(2)))')
def test_double_unary(self):
self.assertEqual(repr(p('--5')),
'Unary(MINUS, Unary(MINUS, Num(5)))')
class TestErrors(unittest.TestCase):
def test_trailing_operator(self):
with self.assertRaises(ParseError):
p('1 +')
def test_unclosed_paren(self):
with self.assertRaises(ParseError):
p('(1')
def test_two_consecutive_numbers(self):
with self.assertRaises(ParseError):
p('1 2')
def test_close_open_paren(self):
with self.assertRaises(ParseError):
p(')(')
def test_empty_string(self):
with self.assertRaises(ParseError):
p('')
if __name__ == '__main__':
unittest.main()